Use of Artificial Intelligence (AI)
The use of artificial intelligence (AI) has had a significant impact on all aspects of healthcare, both general and specialized, as well as research and data management; In this sense, we list below some uses of artificial intelligence that are positively impacting medicine:
Diagnosis and detection of diseases: Large amounts of medical data, such as magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), computed tomography (CT) scans, and X-rays, can be analyzed to aid in the early detection and diagnosis of diseases. This analysis capacity, together with the criteria of the respective doctors, allows us to obtain more precise diagnoses in less time.
Personalized prognosis and treatment: through this new technological tool, clinical and genetic data can be analyzed, so that both diagnoses and treatments can be obtained in a more precise and reliable manner.
Patient monitoring: With the use of artificial intelligence, patients can be continuously monitored through connected medical equipment. This allows for early detection of health changes and proactive management of chronic diseases.
Personalized prognosis and treatment: through it, clinical and genetic data are analyzed to predict the course of a disease and help develop personalized treatments. This allows doctors to make more informed treatment decisions and provide more precise treatment to patients.
New Drug Discovery and Medical Research – It is extremely useful in accelerating the identification of new compounds and proteins relevant to drug development and finding patterns in large medical research data sets.
Telemedicine – Used in telemedicine applications to treat people living in remote areas.
Minimizes the occurrence of risks in diagnoses: Good use of artificial intelligence can help reduce medical errors by providing alerts and reminders to healthcare professionals and identifying potential risks in patient care.
Automate administrative tasks – can be used to manage appointments, electronic records, and invoices, reducing the administrative burden inherent in providing services.
Hospital Resource Optimization – AI systems can predict healthcare needs and help optimize resource management in hospitals and clinics.
Disadvantages
Artificial intelligence (AI) is a powerful technology that has transformed many aspects of society and industry, but it also has its drawbacks and challenges. These are some of the main disadvantages of artificial intelligence:
Job losses: AI-driven automation can lead to job losses in industries where tasks can be performed more efficiently by machines. This could have a negative impact on the workforce, especially workers with skills that could be replaced by automation.
Algorithm bias: AI algorithms can inherit bias from their training data. This can lead to discriminatory or unfair decisions in areas such as employment, justice, and finance, with important ethical and social consequences.
Privacy – Artificial intelligence often involves the analysis and mass collection of personal data. This raises concerns about the privacy and security of personal information, especially if it falls into the wrong hands or is used inappropriately.
Cost: Developing and implementing AI systems can be expensive. This can limit access to technology and create a digital divide between organizations that can afford to invest in AI and those that cannot.
Lack of understanding: Artificial intelligence is often based on complex algorithms and deep neural networks that are difficult for most people to understand. This can lead to a lack of transparency and difficulties in evaluating and understanding the reasoning behind the AI system's decisions.
Reliance on technology: As we increasingly rely on artificial intelligence to make important decisions, such as medical diagnoses or safety decisions, there is a risk of over-reliance on technology and the loss of important human skills.
Vulnerable to cyber-attacks: AI systems are vulnerable to cyber-attacks and manipulation, which can have serious consequences in areas such as national security and critical infrastructure.
There are risks: Although more theoretical than direct, some worry that, if not properly regulated, advanced artificial intelligence could spiral out of control with catastrophic consequences for humanity. It is essential to address these gaps through regulation, ethics in AI research and development, and workforce training and adaptation for a world where AI will play an increasingly important role.
Benefits
Artificial intelligence brings great benefits to improve health care and medicine in all countries of the world, but at the same time it poses challenges due to the risks that worry countless people, which if artificial intelligence is not adequately regulated. advanced, could get out of control with catastrophic consequences for humanity, in June 2021, the World Health Organization (WHO) publishes its first report: “Artificial intelligence (AI) applied to health and six guiding principles relating to its conception and use”; In this sense and in order to “limit the risks and maximize the opportunities that come with the use of AI in the field of health, the WHO proposes that the regulation and governance of AI be based on the following principles: limit the risks and maximize the opportunities that come with the use of AI in the field of health”:
Preserve the autonomy of the human being. In the context of healthcare, this means that humans should remain owners of healthcare systems and medical decisions; Privacy and confidentiality should be preserved, and patients should give informed and valid consent through appropriate legal frameworks for data protection.
Promote the well-being and safety of people and the public interest. Designers of AI technologies should meet regulatory requirements for safety, accuracy, and effectiveness for well-defined indications or uses. Measures for quality control in practice and quality improvement in the use of AI must be established.
Ensure transparency, clarity, and intelligibility. Transparency requires that sufficient information be published or documented prior to the conception or deployment of an AI technology. This information should be easily accessible and facilitate useful consultations and discussions about the design of the technology and how it should or should not be used.
Promote responsibility and accountability. AI technologies allow you to perform specific tasks; However, it is up to the parties concerned to ensure that they are used under appropriate conditions and by properly trained people. Effective mechanisms should be put in place so that individuals and groups harmed by algorithm-based decisions can challenge them and seek redress.
Ensure inclusivity and equity. Inclusivity requires that AI applied to health be designed in a way that encourages equitable use and access to the greatest extent possible, regardless of age, sex, gender, income, race, origin ethnicity, sexual orientation, ability or other characteristics protected by human rights codes.
Promote responsive and sustainable AI. Designers, developers, and users should continually and transparently evaluate real-world applications of AI to determine whether it adequately and appropriately meets expectations and needs. AI systems should also be designed to minimize their environmental impacts and increase energy efficiency. Governments and businesses should anticipate workplace disruptions, including training for health workers to familiarize them with the use of AI systems, and potential job losses due to the use of automated systems.
It is convenient and timely to remember that artificial intelligence as a technological support tool in the field of modern medicine should not be used as a means of self-diagnosis and in this same sense, the correct and responsible thing to do is to go to a doctor if necessary.
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